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雷公藤甲素
CAS号 38748-32-2
中文别名 雷公藤多甙;雷藤素甲;雷公藤内酯醇;雷公藤甲素(雷公藤内酯醇) TLC;雷公藤甲素(雷公藤内酯醇)
英文别名 PG490; TRIPTOLIDE, TRIPTERYGIUM WILFORDII; ,7as,7bs,8as,8bs)-; 8b,9,10-decahydro-6-hydroxy-8b-methyl-6a-(1-methylethyl)-,(3bs,4as,5as,6r,6ar; TRIPTOLIDE TLC; TRIPTOLIDE95%; TRIPTOLIDE(P); TRIPTONIDE(P); (3bS,4aS,5aS,6R,6aR,7aS,7bS,8aS,8bS)-3b,4,4a,6,6a,7a,7b,8b,9,10-decahydro-6-hydroxy-8b-methyl-6a-(1-methylethyl)-trisoxireno[4b,5:6,7:8a,9]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1(3H)-one; NSC 163062
分子量 360.41
分子式 C20H24O6
EINECS编号
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雷公藤甲素物理化学性质

熔点 226-227℃
储存条件 2-8℃
溶解度 DMSO: soluble

雷公藤甲素常见问题列表

【雷公藤】
雷公藤又称黄藤根、水莽草、菜虫药、山砒霜、断肠草、红紫根、南蛇根、旱禾花、红药。为卫矛科雷公藤属植物雷公藤及东北雷公藤Tripterygium wilfovdii Hook. f. 的根、叶、花及果实。雷公藤属全世界4种,中国产4种,3种入药。攀援藤木,高2~3米。小枝红褐色有棱角,具长圆形的小瘤状突起和铁褐色绒毛。花期5~6月。果熟期8~9月。生于背阴多湿稍肥的山坡,山谷,溪边灌木林和次生杂木林中。分布于长江以南,安徽、浙江、福建、台湾、江西、湖南、广东以至西南各省。夏,秋采收。苦,大毒。杀虫,消炎,解毒。本品有大毒,内服宜慎。①治风湿关节炎:雷公藤根,叶,捣烂外敷,半小时后即去,否则起泡(江西《草药手册》)。②治皮肤发痒:雷公藤叶,捣烂,搽敷(《湖南药物志》)。③治腰带疮:雷公藤花,乌药,研末调擦患处(《湖南药物志》)。
【抗炎及免疫抑制】
雷公藤甲素又称雷公藤内酯、雷公藤内酯醇,是从卫矛科植物雷公藤的根、叶、花及果实中提取的一种环氧二萜内酯化合物,与雷公藤碱、雷公藤次碱、雷公藤晋碱、雷公藤春碱、雷公藤增碱和雷公藤明碱等生物碱构成了雷公藤提取物的主要活性成分,难溶于水,易溶于甲醇、二甲基亚砜、无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿等。具有抗炎及免疫抑制作用,10μg/kg sc,连续10d,可减轻巴豆油诱发的小鼠耳廓肿胀;0.05~1μg/ml体外试验,对羊红细胞膜有稳定作用;75,150mg/kgsc,连续7d,明显提高大鼠血清总补体含量,抑制大鼠初次免疫反应的溶血素抗体形成,对再次免疫反应的溶血素抗体形成无明显抑制;150μg/kg ig,连续7d。对小鼠腹腔吞噬细胞吞噬功能有一定程度的抑制作用。300μg/kg sc,连续15d,对巴豆油诱发小鼠耳廓肿胀有抑制作用;75,150μg/kgsc,连续14d,对大鼠角叉菜胶性足跖肿胀有抑制作用;0.22~4.44μg/ml浓度于远志醇提物溶血试验结果,表明对大鼠红细胞膜有保护作用。0.25,1mg/kg ip,明显抑制小鼠抗体产生和分泌(QHS法),50,500ng/ml浓度,明显抑制T、B细胞的增殖反应,体外试验,5,50,500ng/ml及体内给药0.5,0.75,1mg/kg ip,均明显抑制小鼠脾细胞IL-2的产生。0.1~1μg/ml体外试验,能抑制Con A诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞增。0.5~10μg/L浓度可抑制单向混合淋巴细胞培养(MLC),5,10μg/L浓度所诱导出的混合淋巴细胞经60Co照射后,可抑制第2次MLC,表明雷公藤内酯可以诱导抑制性T细胞(Ts);0.12~0.5mg/kg ip,可显著抑制DNFB致小鼠DTH,0.25,0.5mg/kg,使小鼠脾细胞IL-2分泌活性受抑制,对大剂量环磷酰胺致DTH反应增高,亦具抑制作用;0.25mg/kg,可降低小鼠胸腺Th/Ts细胞比值,实验结果表明雷公藤内酯具免疫抑制作用,其机理可能与抑制Th细胞和IL-2分泌活性及诱导Ts细胞有关。
【抗癌作用】
近年来大量体内和体外的研究证明,本品对多种癌症如白血病、乳腺癌、胰腺癌及肺癌等均有良好的抗肿瘤活性。最近的研究发现,雷公藤甲素除了特异地影响某些蛋白和信号通路以外,还会抑制广泛的基因转录,但其作用机理有待进一步明确。
中科院上海药物研究所俞强课题组对Triptolide抑制广泛基因转录的分子机制进行了深入研究。研究发现,Triptolide通过促进RNA聚合酶II中最大及最主要的功能亚基Rpb1磷酸化,以及随后的Rpb1的泛素化降解,从而抑制基因的转录。Rpb1上游激酶PTEF-b在Triptolide诱导的Rpb1的磷酸化的过程中发挥着正调控作用。研究还发现,Triptolide可以诱导DNA损伤。这些研究提示,Triptolide通过造成细胞的DNA损伤,从而激活P-TEFb,使其磷酸化Rpb1,造成Rpb1的降解,从而抑制了广谱的基因转录。
【TLCS法测定雷公藤甲素含量】
(1) 色谱条件:硅胶G-CMCNa板; 氯仿-乙醚 (2:1) 为展开剂; 2% 3,5-二硝基苯甲酸乙醇溶液与2mol/L氢氧化钠乙醇液。临用前按1:3混合,作为显色剂,喷雾显色,自然光下检视。
(2) 对照品溶液的配制:准确称取雷公藤甲素对照品适量,加氯仿制成每毫升含1.528mg的溶液,作为对照品溶液。
(3) 样品溶液的制备:精密称取干燥药材适量,加乙醇回流提取3次,每次3h,合并提取液,回收乙醇至干,浸膏用乙酸乙酯溶解提取,至提取液薄层检查无雷公藤甲素存在,回收乙酸乙酯得提取物,精密称取90℃干燥至恒重的提取物粉末0.4g,用5ml二氯甲烷溶解,加8g中性氧化铝混匀,蒸去二氯甲烷,移入索氏提取器中,用石油醚 (60~90℃) 回流3h,弃去石油醚,取出滤纸筒,挥去溶剂,再置于提取器中用氯仿70ml回流5h,回收氯仿至干,放冷,精密加入氯仿3ml溶解,作为样品溶液。
(4) 测定:精密吸取样品溶液10μl,对照品溶液2、7μl,点于同一块薄层板上。按上述色谱条件展开,取出,晾干,显色。覆盖同样大小的玻板,用胶布密封4周,10min后,照薄层扫描法扫描。λS = 535nm,λR = 650nm; 双波长反射法锯齿扫描; 狭缝:1.25mm × 1.25mm; 灵敏度×5。测得样品及对照品的吸收度积分值,外标两点法计算含量。
(5) 测定结果:按上述条件测得雷公藤根皮、根心及全根中雷公藤甲素的含量分别为0.001%、0.0004%、0.0018%。

安全术语
S22 Do not breathe dust.
切勿吸入粉尘。
S24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
避免与皮肤和眼睛接触。
风险术语
上游原料
(1R,4aS,10aR)-8-hydroxy-7-isopropyl-1,4a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid(1R,4aS,10aR)-7-isopropyl-1,4a-dimethyl-8-[(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxy]-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid(4bS,8R,8aR)-8-isocyanato-2-isopropyl-4b,8-dimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-1-phenanthrenyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate(4bS,8R,8aR)-8-(dimethylamino)-2-isopropyl-4b,8-dimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-1-phenanthrenol(4bS,8aS)-2-isopropyl-4b-methyl-8-methylene-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-1-phenanthrenol(4aS,10aR)-8-hydroxy-7-isopropyl-4a-methyl-3,4,4a,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1(2H)-phenanthrenone(1R,2S,4aS,10aR)-1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-7-isopropyl-4a-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,8-phenanthrenediol(1R,2S,4aS,10aR)-1-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-7-isopropyl-4a-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,8-phenanthrenediol(4bS,7S,8R,8aR)-8-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-8-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2-isopropyl-4b-methyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-1-phenanthrenyl acetate(4bS,8aR)-8-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2-isopropyl-4b-methyl-4b,5,6,8a,9,10-hexahydro-1-phenanthrenyl acetate(3bR,9bS)-7-isopropyl-9b-methyl-1-oxo-1,3,3b,4,5,9b,10,11-octahydrophenanthro[1,2-c]furan-6-yl acetate(3bR,9bS)-7-isopropyl-9b-methyl-1,5-dioxo-1,3,3b,4,5,9b,10,11-octahydrophenanthro[1,2-c]furan-6-yl acetate(3bR,5S,9bS)-5,6-dihydroxy-7-isopropyl-9b-methyl-3b,4,5,9b,10,11-hexahydrophenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1(3H)-one(5aS,9aR,10aS,11aR)-8-isopropyl-5a-methyl-4,5,5a,10a,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-oxireno[2',3':8a,9]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-3,9-dione(1aS,2aR,3aS,4aR,9aS,10aS)-1a-isopropyl-9a-methyl-1a,4,4a,5,8,9,9a,10a-octahydro-2H-dioxireno[2',3':6,7:2',3':8a,9]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-2,7(3aH)-dione3,5-dinitrobenzenecarboperoxoic acid(3bS,4aR,5aR,6aS,7aS,7bR,8aR,8bS)-6a-isopropyl-8b-methyl-3b,4,4a,7a,7b,8b,9,10-octahydrotrioxireno[2',3':6,7:2',3':8a,9:2',3':4b,5]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1,6(3H,6aH)-dionemethyl 3-oxobutanoate; Methyl acetoacetate4-Bromo-2-methyl-2-butene; 1-Bromo-3-methyl-2-butenemethyl (E)-9-(3-isopropyl-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-oxo-6-nonenoate2-isopropylphenol1-isopropyl-2-(methoxymethoxy)benzene; (2-isopropylphenoxy)methyl methyl ether1-isopropyl-2-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methylbenzene; (2-isopropyl-6-methylphenoxy)methyl methyl ether1-isopropyl-2-(methoxymethoxy)-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)benzene; [2-isopropyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)phenoxy]methyl methyl ether2-isopropyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)phenol1-isopropyl-2-methoxy-3-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)benzene; 2-isopropyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)phenyl methyl ether(E)-5-(3-isopropyl-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-penten-1-ol2-[(E)-5-bromo-4-methyl-3-pentenyl]-6-isopropylphenyl methyl ether; 1-[(E)-5-bromo-4-methyl-3-pentenyl]-3-isopropyl-2-methoxybenzene(3bR,5S,9bS)-5,6-dihydroxy-7-isopropyl-9b-methyl-3b,4,5,9b,10,11-hexahydrophenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1(3H)-one(5aS,9aR,10aS,11aR)-8-isopropyl-5a-methyl-4,5,5a,10a,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-oxireno[2',3':8a,9]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-3,9-dionemethyl (E)-9-(3-isopropyl-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-oxo-6-nonenoate(1S,2R,5S)-5-methyl-2-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)cyclohexanol(1S,2R,5S)-5-methyl-2-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)cyclohexyl (E)-9-(3-isopropyl-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-oxo-6-nonenoate(1S,2R,5S)-5-methyl-2-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)cyclohexyl (1R,4aS,10aS)-7-isopropyl-8-methoxy-4a-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1-phenanthrenecarboxylate(1S,2R,5S)-5-methyl-2-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)cyclohexyl (4aS,10aR)-7-isopropyl-8-methoxy-4a-methyl-2-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy]-3,4,4a,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1-phenanthrenecarboxylate(4aS,10aR)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-isopropyl-8-methoxy-4a-methyl-3,4,4a,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2-phenanthrenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate(3bR,9bS)-7-isopropyl-6-methoxy-9b-methyl-3b,4,5,9b,10,11-hexahydrophenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1(3H)-one(3bR,9bS)-7-isopropyl-6-methoxy-9b-methyl-3,3b,4,9b,10,11-hexahydrophenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1,5-dione(3bR,9bS)-6-hydroxy-7-isopropyl-9b-methyl-3,3b,4,9b,10,11-hexahydrophenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1,5-dione(1aS,1bS,6bS,7aS,8aS,11aS)-10-isopropyl-1b-methyl-1b,3,6,6b,7,7a-hexahydrodioxireno[2',3':8a,9:2',3':4b,5]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-4,9(2H,11aH)-dione(3bS,4aS,5aS,6aS,7aS,7bS,8aS,8bS)-6a-isopropyl-8b-methyl-3b,4,4a,7a,7b,8b,9,10-octahydrotrioxireno[2',3':6,7:2',3':8a,9:2',3':4b,5]phenanthro[1,2-c]furan-1,6(3H,6aH)-dione